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Blackjack Probability Table

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By Ion Saliu, Founder of Blackjack Mathematics

I. Probability, Odds for a Blackjack or Natural 21
II. House Edge on Insurance Bet at Blackjack
III. Calculate Double-Down Hands
IV. Calculate Blackjack Pairs: Strict or Mixed Ten-Cards
V. Free Blackjack Resources, Basic Strategy, Casino Gambling Systems

1.1. Calculate Probability (Odds) for a Blackjack or Natural 21

First capture by the WayBack Machine (web.archive.org) Sectember (Sect Month) 1, 2015.

I have seen lots of search strings in the statistics of my Web site related to the probability to get a blackjack (natural 21). This time (November 15, 2012), the request (repeated 5 times) was personal and targeted directly at yours truly:

  • 'In the game of blackjack determine the probability of dealing yourself a blackjack (ace face-card or ten) from a single deck. Show how you arrived at your answer. If you are not sure post an idea to get us started!'

Oh, yes, I am very sure! As specified in this eBook, the blackjack hands can be viewed as combinations or arrangements (the order of the elements counts; like in horse racing trifectas).

1) Let's take first the combinations. There are 52 cards in one deck of cards. There are 4 Aces and 16 face-cards and 10s. The blackjack (or natural) can occur only in the first 2 cards. We calculate first all combinations of 52 elements taken 2 at a time: C(52, 2) = (52 * 51) / 2 = 1326.

We combine now each of the 4 Aces with each of the 16 ten-valued cards: 4 * 16 = 64.

The probability to get a blackjack (natural): 64 / 1326 = .0483 = 4.83%.

2) Let's do now the calculations for arrangements. (The combinations are also considered boxed arrangements; i.e. the order of the elements does not count).

We calculate total arrangements for 52 cards taken 2 at a time: A(52, 2) = 52 * 51 = 2652.

In arrangements, the order of the cards is essential. Thus, King + Ace is distinct from Ace + King. Thus, total arrangements of 4 Aces and 16 ten-valued cards: 4 * 16 * 2 = 128.

The odds to get a blackjack (natural) as arrangement: 128 / 2652 = .0483 = 4.83%.

4.83% is equivalent to about 1 in 21 blackjack hands. (No wonder the game is called Twenty-one!)

Calculations for the Number of Cards Left in the Deck, Number of Decks

There were questions regarding the number of cards left in the deck, number of decks, number of players, even the position at the table.

1) The previous probability calculations were based on one deck of cards, at the beginning of the deck (no cards burnt). But we can easily calculate the blackjack (natural) odds for partial decks, provided that we know the number of remaining cards (total), Aces and Ten-Value cards.

Let's take the situation heads-up: One player against the dealer. Suppose that 12 cards were played, including 2 Tens; no Aces out. What is the new probability to get a natural blackjack?

Total cards remaining (R) = 52 - 12 = 40

Aces remaining in the deck (A): 4 - 0 = 4

Ten-Valued cards remaining (T): 16 - 2 = 14

Odds of a natural: (4 * 14) / C(40, 2) = 56 / 780 = 7.2%

(C represents the combination formula; e.g. combinations of 40 taken 2 at a time.)

The probability for a blackjack is higher than at the beginning of a full deck of cards. The odds are exactly the same for both Player and Dealer. But - the advantage goes to the Player! If the Player has the BJ and the Dealer doesn't, the Player is paid 150%. If the Dealer has the blackjack and the Player doesn't, the Player loses 100% of his initial bet!

This situation is valid only for one Player against casino. Also, this situation allows for a higher bet before the round starts. For multiple players, the situation becomes uncontrollable. Everybody at the table receives one card in succession, and then the second card. The bet cannot be increased during the dealing of the cards. Hint: try as much as you can to play heads-up against the Dealer!

The generalized formula is:

Probability of a blackjack: (A * T) / C(R, 2)

  • A = Aces in the deck
  • T = Tens in the deck
    • R = Remaining cards in the deck.

    2) How about multiple decks of cards? The calculations are not exactly linear because of the combination formula. For example, 2 decks, (104 cards):

    ~ the 2-deck case:

    C(52, 2) = 1326

    C(104, 2) = 5356 (4.04 times larger than total combinations for one deck.)

    8 (Aces) * 32 (Tens) = 256

    Odds of BJ for 2 decks = 256 / 5356 = 4.78% (a little lower than the one-deck case of 4.83%).

    ~ the 8-deck case, 416 total cards:

    C(52, 2) = 1326

    C(416, 2) = 86320 (65.1 times larger than total combinations for one deck.)

    32 (Aces) * 128 (Tens) = 4096

    Odds of BJ for 8 decks = 4096 / 86320 = 4.75% (a little lower than the two-deck situation and even lower than the one-deck case of 4.83%).

    There are NO significant differences regarding the number of decks. If we round the figures, the general odds to get a natural blackjack can be expressed as 4.8%.

    The advantage to the blackjack player after cards were played: Not nearly as significant as the one-deck situation.

    3) The position at the table is inconsequential for the blackjack player. Only heads-up and one deck of cards make a difference as far the improved odds for a natural are concerned.

    • Axiomatic one, let's cover all the bases, as it were. The original question was, exactly, as this: 'Dealing yourself a blackjack (Ace AND Face-card or Ten) from a single deck'. The calculations above are accurate for this unique situation: ONE player dealing cards to himself/herself. The odds of getting a natural blackjack are, undoubtedly, 1 in 21 hands (a hand consisting of exactly 2 cards).
    • Such a case is non-existent in real-life gambling, however. There are at least TWO participants in a blackjack game: Dealer and one player. Is the probability for a natural blackjack the same – regardless of number of participants? NOT! The 21 hands (as in probability p = 1 / 21) are equally distributed among multiple game agents (or elements in probability theory). Mathematics — and software — to the rescue! We apply the formula known as exactly M successes in N trials. The best software for the task is known as SuperFormula (also component of the integrated Scientia software package).
    • Undoubtedly, your chance to get a natural BJ is higher when playing heads-up against the dealer. The degree of certainty DC decreases with an increase in the number of players at the blackjack table. I did a few calculations: Heads-up (2 elements), 4 players and dealer (5 elements), 7 players and dealer (8 elements).
      • The degree of certainty DC for 2 elements (one player and dealer), one success in 2 trials (2-card hands) is 9.1%; divided by 2 elements: the chance of a natural is 9.1% / 2 = 4.6% = the closest to the 'Dealing yourself a blackjack (Ace AND Face-card or Ten) from a single deck' situation.
      • The chance for 5 elements (4 players and dealer), one success in 5 trials (2-card hands) is 19.6%; distributed among 5 elements, the degree of certainty DC for a blackjack natural is 19.6% / 5 = 3.9%.
      • The probability for 8 elements (7 players and dealer), one success in 8 trials (2-card hands) is 27.1%; equally distributed among 8 elements, the degree of certainty DC of a blackjack natural is 27.1% / 8 = 3.4%.
    • That's mathematics and nobody can manufacture extra BJ natural 21 hands... not even the staunchest and thickest card-counting system vendors! The PI... er, pie is small to begin with; the slices get smaller with more mouths at the table. Ever wondered why the casinos only offer alcohol for free — but no pizza?

    1.2. Probability, Odds for a Blackjack Playing through a Deck of Cards

    The probabilities in the first chapter were calculated for one trial. That is, the odds to get a blackjack in the first two cards. But what are the probabilities to get a natural 21 dealing an entire deck?

    1.2.A. Dealing 2-card hands until the deck is dealt entirely

    There are 52 cards in the deck. Total number of trials (2-card hands) is 52 / 2 = 26. SuperFormula probability software does the following calculation:
    • The probability of at least one success in 26 trials for an event of individual probability p=0.0483 is 72.39%.

    1.2.B. Dealing 2-card hands in heads-up play until the deck is dealt entirely

    There are 52 cards in the deck. We are now in the simplest real-life situation: heads-up play. There is one player and the dealer in the game. We suppose an average of 6 cards dealt in one round. Total number of trials in this case is equivalent to the number of rounds played. 52 / 6 makes approximately 9 rounds per deck. SuperFormula does the following calculation:
    • The probability of at least one success in 9 trials for an event of individual probability p=0.0483 is 35.95%.

    You, the player, can expect one blackjack every 3 decks in heads-up play.

    2. House Edge on the Insurance Bet at Blackjack

    “Insurance, anyone?” you can hear the dealer when her face card is an Ace. Players can choose to insure their hands against a potential dealer's natural. The player is allowed to bet half of his initial bet. Is insurance a good side bet in blackjack? What are the odds? What is the house edge for insurance? As in the case of calculating the odds for a natural blackjack, the situation is fluid. The odds and therefore the house edge are proportionately dependent on the amount of 10-valued cards and total remaining cards in the deck.

    We can devise precise mathematical formulas based on the Tens remaining in the deck. We know for sure that the casino pays 2 to 1 for a successful insurance (i.e. the dealer does have Ten as her hole card).

    We start with the most easily manageable case: One deck of cards, one player, the very beginning of the game. There is a total of 16 Teens in the deck (10, J, Q, K). The dealer has dealt 2 cards to the player and one card to herself that we can see exactly — the face card being an Ace. Therefore, 52 – 3 = 49 cards remaining in the deck. There are 3 possible situations, axiomatic one:

    • 1) The player has 2 non-ten cards; there are 16 Teens in the deck = the favorable situations to the player if taking insurance. There are 49 – 16 = 33 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 16 favorable cards amount to 32, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 33 – 32 = +1 unfavorable situation to the player but favorable to the casino (the + sign indicates a casino edge). In this case, there is a house advantage of 1/49 = 2%.
    • 2) The player has 1 Ten and 1 non-ten card; there are 15 Teens remaining in the deck = the favorable situations to the player if taking insurance. There are 49 – 15 = 34 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 15 favorable cards amount to 30, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 34 – 30 = +4 unfavorable situations to the player but favorable to the casino. In this case, there is a house advantage of 4/49 = 8%.
      • This can be also the case of insuring one's blackjack natural: an 8% disadvantage for the player.
      • This figure of 8% represents the average house edge regarding the insurance bet. I did calculations for various situations — number of decks and number of players.
    • 3) The player has 2 Ten-count cards; there are 14 Teens in the deck = the favorable situations to the player if taking insurance. There are 49 – 14 = 35 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 14 favorable cards amount to 28, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 35 – 28 = +7 unfavorable situations to the player but favorable to the casino. In this case, there is a house advantage of 7/49 = 14%. This is the worst-case scenario: The player should never — ever — even think about insurance with that strong hand of 2 Tens!

    Believe it or not, the insurance can be a really sweet deal if there are multiple players at the blackjack table! Let's say, 5 players, the very beginning of the game. There is a total of 16 Teens in the deck (10, J, Q, K). The dealer has dealt 10 cards to the players and one card to herself that we can see exactly — the face card being an Ace. Therefore, 52 – (10 + 1) = 41 cards remaining in the deck. There are many more possible situations, some very different from the previous scenario:

    • 1) The players have 10 non-ten cards; there are still 16 Tens in the deck = the favorable situations to the player if taking insurance. There are 41 – 16 = 25 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 16 favorable cards amount to 32, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 25 – 32 = –7 favorable situation to the player but unfavorable to the casino (the – sign indicates a player advantage now). In this case, there is a house advantage of 7/41 = –17%. The Player has a whopping 17% advantage if taking insurance in a case like this one!
    • 2) The players have 10 Ten-count cards; there are 6 Teens in the deck = the favorable situations to the player if taking insurance. There are 41 – 6 = 35 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 6 favorable cards amount to 12, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 35 – 12 = +23 unfavorable situations to the player but favorable to the casino. In this case, there is a house advantage of 23/41 = 56%. This is the worst-case scenario: None of the players should ever even think about insurance with those strong hands of 2 Tens per capita!
    • 3) Applying the wise aurea mediocritas adagio, there should be an average of 3 or 4 Teens coming out in 11 cards; thus, 12 or 13 Tens remaining in the deck. There are 41 – 13 = 28 unfavorable cards to insurance. However, the 12.5 favorable cards amount to an average of 25, as the insurance pays 2 to 1. The balance is 30 – 25 = +5 unfavorable situations to the player but favorable to the casino. In this case, there is a house advantage of 5/41 = 12%. Unfortunately, even if we consider averages, taking insurance is a repelling bet for the player.
      A formula? It would look complicated symbolically, but it is very easy to follow.

      HA = {(R – T) – T*2} / R

      where —

    • HA = house advantage
    • R = cards remaining in the deck
    • T = Tens remaining in the deck.

    • Axiomatic one, buying (taking) insurance can be a favorable bet for all blackjack players, indeed. Of course, under special circumstances — if you see certain amounts of ten-valued cards on the table. The favorable situations are calculated by the formula above.
    But, then again, a dealer natural 21 occurs about 5%- of the time — the insurance alone won't turn the blackjack game entirely in your favor.

    3. Calculate Blackjack Double-Down Hands

    Strictly-axiomatic colleague of mine, writing software leads me into new-ideas territory far more often than not. I discovered something new and intriguing while programming software to calculate the blackjack odds totally mathematically. By that I mean generating all possible elements and distinguishing the favorable elements. After all, the formula for probability is the rapport of favorable cases, F, over total possible cases, N: p = F/N.

    Up until yours truly wrote such software, total elements in blackjack (i.e. hands) were obtained via simulation. Problem with simulation is incomplete generation. According to by-now famed Ion Saliu's Probability Paradox, only some 63% of possible elements are generated in a simulation of N random cases.

    I tested my software a variable number of card decks and various deck compositions. I noticed that decks with lower proportions of ten-valued cards provided higher percentages of potential double-down hands. It is natural, of course, as Tens are the only cards that cannot contribute to a hand to possibly double down. However, the double-down hands provide the most advantageous situations for blackjack player. Indeed, it sounds like 'heresy' to all followers of the cult or voodoo ritual of card counting!

    I rolled up my sleeves and performed comprehensive calculations of blackjack double-downs (2-card hands). The single deck is mostly covered, but the calculations can be extended to any number of decks.

    At the beginning of the deck (shoe): Total combinations of 52 cards taken 2 at a time is C(52, 2) = 1326 hands. Possible 2-card combinations that can be double-down hands:

    • 9-value cards AND 2-value cards: 4 9s * 4 2s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • 8-value cards AND 2-value cards: 4 8s * 4 2s = 16 two-card configurations
    • 8-value cards AND 3-value cards: 4 8s * 4 3s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • 7-value cards AND 2-value cards: 4 7s * 4 2s = 16 two-card configurations
    • 7-value cards AND 3-value cards: 4 7s * 4 3s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • 7-value cards AND 4-value cards: 4 7s * 4 4s = 16 two-card configurations
    • 6-value cards AND 3-value cards: 4 6s * 4 3s = 16 two-card configurations
    • 6-value cards AND 4-value cards: 4 6s * 4 4s = 16 two-card combinations
    • 6-value cards AND 5-value cards: 4 6s * 4 5s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • 5-value cards AND 4-value cards: 4 5s * 4 4s = 16 two-card combinations
    • 5-value cards AND 5-value cards: C(4, 2) = 6 two-card hands (5 + 5 can appear 6 ways).
    • Ace AND 2-value cards: 4 As * 4 2s = 16 two-card combinations
    • Ace AND 3-value cards: 4 As * 4 3s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • Ace AND 4-value cards: 4 As * 4 4s = 16 two-card hands
    • Ace AND 5-value cards: 4 As * 4 5s = 16 two-card possibilities
    • Ace AND 6-value cards: 4 As * 4 6s = 16 two-card hands
    • Ace AND 7-value cards: 4 As * 4 7s = 16 two-card combinations.
    • Total possible 2-card hands in doubling down configuration: 262. Not every configuration can be doubled down (e.g. 4+5 against Dealer's 9 or A+2 against 7).
    • We look at a double down blackjack basic strategy chart. Some 42% of the hands ought to be doubled-down (strongly recommended): 262 * 0.42 = 110. That figure represents 8% of total possible 2-hand combinations (1362), or a chance equal to once in 12 hands.
    • The chance for double-down situations increases with an increase in tens out over the one third cutoff count. The probability for a natural blackjack decreases also — one reason the traditional plus-count systems anathema the negative counts. But what's lost in naturals is gained in double downs — and then some.
    • A sui generisblackjack card-counting strategy was devised by yours truly and it beats the traditionalist plus count systems hands down, as it were.
    • Be mindful, however, that nothing beats the The Best Casino Gambling Systems: Blackjack, Roulette, Limited Martingale Betting, Progressions. That's the only way to go, the tao of gambling.

    4. Calculate Blackjack Pairs: Strict or Mixed Ten-Cards

    The odds-calculating software I mentioned above (section III) also counts all possible blackjack pairs. The software, however, considers pairs to be two cards of the same value. In other words, 10, J, Q, K are treated as the same rank (value). My software reports data as this fragment (single deck of cards):

    Mixed Pairs: All 10-Valued Cards Taken 2 at a Time

    Evidently, there are 13 ranks. Nine ranks (2 to 9 and Ace) consist of 4 cards each (in a single deck). Four ranks (the Tenners) consist of 16 cards. Total of mixed pairs is calculated by the combination formula for every rank. C(4, 2) = 6; 6 * 9 = 54 (for the non-10 cards). The Ten-ranks contribute: C(16, 2) = 120. Total mixed pairs: 54 + 120 = 174. Probability to get a mixed pair: 174 / 1326 = 13%.

    Strict Pairs: Only 10+10, J+J, Q+Q, K+K

    But for the purpose of splitting pairs, most casinos don't legitimize 10+J, or Q+K, or 10+Q, for example, as pairs. Only 10+10, J+J, Q+Q, K+K are accepted as Blackjack Probability Tablepairs. Allow me to call them strict pairs, as opposed to the above mixed pairs.

    There are 13 ranks of 4 cards each. Each rank contributes C(4, 2) = 6 pairs. Total strict pairs: 13 * 6 = 78. Probability to get a mixed pair: 78 / 1326 = 5.9%.Total strict pairs = 78 2-card hands (5.9%, but...).

    However, not all blackjack pairs should be split; e.g. Blackjack Probability Table10+10 or 5+5 should not be split, but stood on or doubled down. Only around 3% of strict pairs should be legitimately split. See the optimal split pairsblack jack strategy card.

    5. Free Blackjack Resources, Basic Strategy, Casino Gambling Systems

    • Blackjack Mathematics Probability Odds Basic Strategy Tables Charts.
    • The Best Blackjack Basic Strategy: Free Cards, Charts.
      ~ All playing decisions on one page — absolutely the best method of learning Blackjack Basic Strategy (BBS) quickly (guaranteed and also free!)
    • Blackjack Gambling System Based on Mathematics of Streaks.
    • Blackjack Card Counting Cult, Deception in Gambling Systems.
    • The Best Blackjack Strategy, System Tested with the Best Blackjack Software.
    • Reality Blackjack: Real, Fake Odds, House Advantage, Edge.

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    By Hon. Ion Saliu, Founder of Blackjack Justice

    Blackjack Probability Calculator

    First capture by the WayBack Machine (web.archive.org) May 21, 2020.

      Your Honor, I hereby accuse the Order of Casino Sycophants of damaging public deception. They make-believe that the glamorous game of blackjack has a frivolous house edge. Said game with its odds is so attractive to the masses that we can treat it equally to tossing a golden coin.
      Our complaint shall prove that the real conditions of the game are far worse than the fake-news promoted, indeed imposed, by the Order of Casinos and their Sycophants.

    Let me just say that benign ignorance has been at the heart of the matter. Nobody really knew what the real odds (probability) of blackjack were. Analysts lacked the fundamental elements required by the fundamental formula of probability: favorable cases (over) total possible cases.

    Calculating the odds is the sine qua non condition of calculating the house advantage or the edge the casinos have in the game of blackjack. No casino offers a game where they don't have an edge or advantage. It's their bloodline — a legal requirement, as a matter of fact.

    The first attempt at calculating the house advantage in blackjack is granted to John Scarne, a non-mathematical man who had the ambition of being the greatest gambling writer in history. Personally, I grant such honor to Blaise Pascal who analyzed a backgammon game. The historical event is known as de Méré Case and it founded a branch of mathematics hence known as theory of probability.

    John Scarne rightly figured out that the casino gains an edge in blackjack because of the simultaneous bust — the dealer and the player bust at the same time. However, when the player busts, he/she loses the bet immediately as he/she always plays first. It is possible that the dealer can bust his/her hand (in the same round), but it is too late for the player; they already lost their bet.

    John Scarne calculated the odds of dealer's bust to be 28%. If the player played by the same rules as the dealer, the simultaneous bust would be: 0.28 * 0.28 = 7.8%. But since the player is allowed to stand on 16 or less under certain circumstances, our 'mafia' man calculated that the final odds would be around 5.9%. That's the 'physical probability' of casino winning at blackjack.

    The casino offers bonuses to the player, however. They pay 3 to 2 for a natural 21 (Ace+Ten in the first 2 hands of the player). They also allow double-down and splitting pairs. At the end of the day, the bj house advantage goes all the way down to that glamorous figure of 0.5%.

    Right now, we focus our attention on the raw figure of 5.9%. Based on that figure (and so-called simulations), everybody agreed that the results of blackjack were:

    • 48% winning hands for the dealer
    • 44% winning hands for the player
    • 8% hands end up as pushes (ties).
    • 44/92 = 47.8% winning probability for the player

    In order to calculate the probability precisely, we must generate all the elements (blackjack hands) in lexicographical order. Nobody even knows how many hands are possible, as their size varies widely: From two cards to 10 cards (for one deck)! When two or more decks are employed, the blackjack hands can go from two cards to 11 cards.

    Of course, there is a lot of blackjack software out there! But all that software belongs to the simulation category. That is, the blackjack hands are dealt randomly. Based on the well-known-by-now Ion Saliu's Paradox, random generation does not generate all possible combinations, as some elements repeat. So, we can never calculate the probability precisely based on random generation. If there are 334,490,044 total possible complete hands in blackjack, only 63% will be unique and 37% will be repeats — if we randomly generate 334,490,044 hands.

    I had started years ago a blackjack project to generate all possible hands. It was very difficult. I found the project in the year of grace 2009 and also the code to generate sets from a list (last update: 2014). In this case, the list is a 52-line text file with the values of the blackjack cards, from the four 2's to the 16 Tens, to the four Aces. That's a stringent mathematical requirement. The deck of cards must be also ordered lexicographically, if we want to correctly generate all qualified sets in lexicographical order.

    I generated blackjack hands as both combinations and arrangements. Then, I opened the output files (text format) and checked as many hands as possible. Yes, computing things are so much better today than just a decade ago. The generating process is significantly faster.

    I wrote a special Web page dedicated to the topic of calculating precisely mathematically the bust-odds at blackjack following the Dealer's rules. There are lots of details, plus screenshots of the probability programs:

    • Blackjack Dealer Bust: Software to Calculate Probability, Odds, House Edge, Advantage HA.

    Keep this new figure in mind: The odds for a blackjack Dealer's bust are at least 33%. The bust probability is calculated by dividing the number of Dealer's busted hands to the total possible blackjack actions.Blackjack actions is a parameter that counts everything: Busted hands, pat hands (17 to 21), blackjack hands, and draws or hits to the first 2-card hands (incomplete hands). The software does NOT print the incomplete bj hands.

    How can we apply the new programming to determine the bust odds for the blackjack Player? After heated debates in forums in 2014, I simply modified my software. The hit-stand limits can be set by the user. Initially, it was fixed — the ubiquitous hit all 16 and under, stand on all 17 or greater.

    The software user can set the hit-limit to any value. The choices are, obviously, from 12 to 16. I tried, for example, the hit limit to 11 — that is, hit anything 11 or under, stand on anything 12 or higher. Evidently, there is no bust in such situations. That's another proof that my programming is 100% correct.

    I believe that setting the hit limit to 14 or 13 reflects pretty closely the bust odds for the Player. That is, stand on 15 or greater (as arrangements):

    Or, stand on 14 or greater (as arrangements):

    • Now, the house edge goes between something like .3355 * .2248 = 8.3% and something like .3355 * .1978 = 6.6%. It averages out to 7.5%. It is a far cry from the intentionally false house advantage (HA) of .5%, or even .17% (promoted by several crooks)!
    • The overwhelming majority of blackjack players lose their bankrolls quickly, because this is NOT a 50-50 game or so much close to that margin.
    • And always be mindful that blackjack is strongly sequential: The Dealer always plays the last hand. Otherwise, the casinos would go bankrupt.

    Recalculating the raw figures for winning/losing hands, my theory shows:

    • 50% winning hands for the dealer
    • 41% winning hands for the player
    • 9% hands end up as pushes (ties).
    • 41/91 = 45% winning probability for the player

    Axiomatic ones, who's right and who's wrong? If you have been a frequent visitor of my website, you already know how many hits I've been taken from casino executives, agents, moles, other gambling authors, system developers, vendors, gurus, bishops, saints, etc. Granted, the attacks against yours truly were far more intense earlier (beginning 1998 and ending early 2000's). They realized I wouldn't get intimidated, so they have given up, by and large.

    In this year of grace 2019, I came up with a new idea: Let's set at the same table mathematics and reality. The first attacks aginst me went along the lines: 'Mathematics, specifically formulae, have no place in gambling — as it is totally random.' And I've always counterattacked: 'But what is not random, crooked idiots? The entire Universe is ruled by Almighty Randomness, as voided of consciousness as it might be!'

    Standard deviation is the watchdog of randomness. Let's see what figures of blackjack odds are right by employing the binomial standard deviation. Then, compare the results to casino gambling reality.

    It is time now to apply the most important bonuses the casinos grant to the blackjack players:

    • natural 21 pays 3-to-2
    • double down pays 2-to-1 (if successful)
    • splitting pairs pays 2-to-1 (if successful).

    We ignore the current tendency in the gambling industry to pay a natural bj 6-to-5.

    The double down success is closely around 60%. The same success rate of 60% occurs in the pair splitting situations.

    Next, it is very important to know the probability/odds of appearance for the 3 bonuses above.

    • natural 21 occurs in 4.8% of cases, but only when dealing 2 cards to oneself at the beginning of a 52-card deck. We average the odds to 4% for multiple players (4 players and a bj dealer is an average situation in my book). Refresh your memory by reading this popular resource:
      • Calculate Blackjack Probability, Odds: Natural 21, Insurance, Double-Down Hands, Pairs.
    • double down hands have an appearance rate of 8%, as first calculated by yours truly. Please read this very popular resource:
      • Calculate Probability of Double-Down Hands.
    • splitting pairs hands have an appearance rate of 3%, as first calculated by yours truly. Please read this very popular resource:
      • Calculate Probability of Split Pair Hands.

    Axiomatics, we run my probability software widely known as SuperFormula.exe, the function D: Standard Deviation. We run the function twice: First, for the traditional black jack parameters (5.9% odds, 48% winning probability for the player); secondly, for what I consider closer-to-reality blackjack parameters.

    We take a common case of playing 100 hands. That is, the blackjack player must cash in the amount needed to play 100 hands at the minimum bet. For example, in the rare case of $10 minimum bet, the player must chip in at least $1000. I can't stress enough the stupidity of players who start with $100... they lose quickly... then leave the table... go to another table and cash in $100... etc. Vae victis! Poor victims!

    WHOA! ON AVERAGE, THE PLAYER WINS 52 BET UNITS AFTER PLAYING 100 HANDS!!! That's a flagrant impossibility in 99.7% to all blackjack players, in all casino situations. You and I will never, ever, see a basic strategy player be ahead $52 after playing 100 hands, at $10 table minimum!

    We come back to earth by going with my fundamental blackjack parameter: 45% winning odds for the player.

    You, the player, do lose. Still, this is the happiest case calculated by my blackjack-odds software: One deck of cards. Today's PCs are still incapable (at least in the case of this programmer) to calculate for two or more decks of cards. But I experimented with calculable amounts of cards. The rule is very clear: The more cards, the worst the odds get for the player. In other words, the more decks, the worse conditions for the blackjack hopeful! And even worse with multiple players at the table (the common reality)!

    Blackjack Table Bets

    Haven't you witnessed this in any casino, at any blackjack table? The overwhelmingly vast majority of players lose their bankroll quickly. They leave the venues almost on their knees. 'How the hell is this possible,' they ask themselves (sometimes loudly). 'Blackjack is supposed to be a 50-50 game... damn it!'

    It ain't such a golden coin game, kokodrilo (royalty-name for big-time gambler)! I'm afraid you were misguided big-time... you still are. You are mostly cheated by the card-counting crooks, the bedfellows of the casinos in that gambling bedlam! You go by their insane odds and you are guaranteed to win as a matter of fact. Play 100 hands and win $52 at $10 minimum bet. Well, then, ask for a $100 table minimum and make a $500 net. This is the average, but it will be confirmed in any reasonable long run. Not the billions of hands long-run prophesized by the crooks!

    Blackjack: Software, Content, Resources, Systems, Basic Strategy, Card Counting

    See above: The comprehensive directory of the pages and materials on the subject of blackjack, baccarat, software, systems, and basic strategy.
    • Blackjack: Basic Strategy, Card Counting, Charts, Tables, Probability, Odds, Software.
    • The Best Blackjack Basic Strategy: Free Cards, Charts.
      All three color-coded charts in one file, in the best decision-making sequence: Split Pairs, to Double Down, to Hit or Stand.
    • Gambling Mathematics in Blackjack Proves Deception of Card-Counting Systems.
    • Probability Software to Analyze Blackjack Streaks: Wins (W+), Losses (L-), Busts, Pushes.
    • Best Card Counting Blackjack Systems, Casino Marketing, Gambling Deception, Fraud.
    • The Best Blackjack Strategy, System Tested with the Best Blackjack Software.
    • Blackjack Insurance Bet Favorable to All Players.
    • DownloadSoftware: Casino Gambling, Roulette, Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps.
    • Specific software for blackjack, BJ
      ~ BJAQK and Blackjack: Probability and statistical analyses of thousands of blackjack hands from the perspective of a strict blackjack old basic strategy (OBS) player.

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